fa واکسن مننگوکوک پزشکي قانوني پزشکي قانوني مروری Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">باکتری نایسریا مننژیتیدیس </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">13 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">سروگروپ بالینی دارد که براساس ساختار کپسول آنتی_&shy;ژن پلی_&shy;ساکاریدی تقسیم‌بندی می‌شوند. شش سرو گروپ&nbsp; </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">A، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">B</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">C </span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Y </span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span>&nbsp;<span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">135</span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&ndash;</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">W</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">X</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">عامل بیماری‌زایی در انسان هستند.</span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">واکسن </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">4 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">ظرفیتی(سروگروپ </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">A</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> ،</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">C</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">W-135</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">y</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">)</span></span> &nbsp;<br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">در حال حاضر </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">3 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">نوع واکسن </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">4</span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"> ظرفیتی جهت پیشگیری از عفونت مننگوکوکی&nbsp; در جهان وجود دارد: دو نوع واکسن کونژوگه</span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MCV-4</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"> بانام‌های تجاری </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MENVEO</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">&nbsp;و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MENACTRA</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">&nbsp;و یک واکسن پلی_&shy;ساکاریدی(</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MPSV-4</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">) با نام تجاری </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MENOMUNE </span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">&nbsp;واکسن </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">2 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">ظرفیتی(سروگروپ </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Y,C</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">): در سال </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">2012 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">سازمان جهانی غذا و دارو یک نوع ترکیبی واکسن جدید مننگوکوک و هموفیلوس آنفولانزا نوع </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">B</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"> برای سن </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">6 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">هفتگی تا </span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">18 </span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">ماهگی تصویب کرد. نام&nbsp; تجاری این واکسن </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MENHIBRIX</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">است که از بیماری‌های ناشی از دو اورگانیسم فوق‌الذکر پیشگیری می‌کند. این اولین واکسنی است که برای سن کمتر از 6 هفته تولیدشده است.</span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">واکسن تک‌ظرفیتی(سروگروپ </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">A</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">): این واکسن با نام تجاری </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MENAFRIVAC</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"> تحت عنوان برنامه پیشگیری مننژیت در آفریقا طراحی شده است.</span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">واکسن تک‌ظرفیتی(سروگروپ </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">B</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">): تولید این واکسن از نظر تکنیکی مشکل است و برخلاف سایر واکسن‌ها نحوه طراحی متفاوتی دارد.</span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">واکسن تک‌ظرفیتی (سروگروپ</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">X</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">): انتشار سروگروپ </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">X</span></span></span></span> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">مننگوکوک در آمریکای شمالی، اروپا، غرب آفریقا و استرالیا گزارش شده است. واکسن‌های رایج مننگوکوک این نوع سروگروپ </span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">X</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">را پوشش نمی‌دهد.&nbsp; </span></span><br> <span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;">عوارض جانبی شایع واکسن‌های مننگوکوک شامل؛ درد، تب خفیف و قرمزی محل تزریق است. علیرغم اقدامات حمایتی درصد کمی از دریافت‌کنندگان واکسن به سمت واکنش شدید آلرژیک می‌روند که بیشترین خطر آن با واکسن</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:advot1ef757c0;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">BEXSERO</span></span></span></span><span style="color:#231F20;"><span style="font-family:b zar;"> بوده است.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Neisseria meningitidis has 13 clinically significant serogroups, classified according to the antigenic structure of their polysaccharide capsule. Six serogroups, A, B, C, Y, W-135, and X, are responsible for virtually all cases of the disease in humans.<br> Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y)<br> There are currently three vaccines available in the US to prevent meningococcal disease, all quadrivalent in nature, targeting serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y:<br> Two conjugate vaccines (MCV-4), Menactra and Menveo, and One polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV-4), Menomune, produced by Sanofi Pasteur.<br> Bivalent (Serogroups C and Y): On 2012, the FDA approved a new combination vaccine against two types of meningococcal disease and Hib disease for infants and children 6 weeks to 18 months old. The vaccine, Menhibrix, will prevent disease caused byNeisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y and Haemophilus influenzae type b. This is the first meningococcal vaccine that can be given to infants as young as six weeks old.<br> Serogroup A: A vaccine called MenAfriVac has been developed through a program called the Meningitis Vaccine Project and has the potential to prevent outbreaks of group A meningitis.<br> Serogroup B: Vaccines against serotype B meningococcal disease have proved difficult to produce, and require a different approach from vaccines against other serotypes.<br> Serogroup X: The occurrence of serogroup X has been reported in North America, Europe, Australia, and West Africa. Current meningoccocal meningitis vaccines are not known to protect against serogroup X N. meningitidis disease.<br> Side effects of the vaccine include: Common side effects include pain and redness around the site of injection (up to 50% of recipients). A small percentage of people develop a mild fever. As with any medication, a small proportion of people develop a severe allergic reaction. The highest risk was when individuals received a dose of Soliris within 2 weeks after being vaccinated with Bexsero.</div> واکسن, مننگوکوک, نایسریا مننژیتیدیس. Vaccine, Meningococcal, Neisseria meningitidis. 7 8 http://ce.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-26-57&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 shahrzad fallah شهرزاد فلاح Shahrzad.fallah@hotmail.com 10031947532846002320 10031947532846002320 No Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی behnam Sobouti بهنام ثبوتی behnam Sobouti@gmail.com 10031947532846002321 10031947532846002321 Yes Iran university of medical sciences علوم پزشکی ایران