Volume 15, Issue 2 (11-2025)
Clin Exc 2025, 15(2): 19-33 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Karimi R, Jannati Y, Rajabzadeh M, Molaei Tavani F, Moghaddasifar I, Shafipour V. Fake Information and Its Consequences on Nursing: A Narrative Review of Challenges and Solutions. Clin Exc 2025; 15 (2) :19-33
URL: http://ce.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-917-en.html
URL: http://ce.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-917-en.html
Raoofeh Karimi 
, Yadollah Jannati , Mahla Rajabzadeh , Fatemeh Molaei Tavani , Iman Moghaddasifar , Vida Shafipour
, Yadollah Jannati , Mahla Rajabzadeh , Fatemeh Molaei Tavani , Iman Moghaddasifar , Vida Shafipour
Nasibeh School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Abstract: (19 Views)
The expansion of social media has led to increased dissemination of health-related fake information, resulting in reduced public trust in the healthcare system and impaired clinical decision-making. Nurses, as evidence-based care providers, are at the forefront of confronting this phenomenon; however, research on its consequences and strategies to combat fake information in nursing remains limited. Accordingly, this study was designed as a structured narrative review to explore the concept of fake information and examine its consequences, challenges, and mitigation strategies within the nursing profession. Based on the study's objectives and research question, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and IranMedex from 2015 to 2025 using English and Persian keywords related to fake information. The inclusion criteria included articles published in reputable scientific journals, written in English or Persian, available in full text, and relevant to fake information in nursing. The exclusion criteria included lack of full-text access, letters to the editor, publications in non-reputable journals, and conference papers. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving any disagreements. The quality of included studies was assessed using the SANRA checklist for narrative reviews and JBI checklists for descriptive and qualitative studies. Ultimately, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings were organized into four main themes: 1) consequences of fake information on health and nursing, 2) factors contributing to the spread of fake information, 3) strategies to combat fake information, and 4) barriers to addressing fake information. Fake information poses a serious threat to patient safety, quality of care, and nurses' psychological well-being. As frontline healthcare professionals, nurses must not only be able to identify and correct misinformation but also play a key role in guiding patients to reliable sources and promoting health literacy. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare managers need to develop national strategies, strengthen implementation mechanisms, and provide adequate resources. At the same time, nurse educators should design structured educational programs to empower nurses in confronting health-related misinformation. This initiative can enhance the healthcare system's capacity to prevent and mitigate the harmful consequences of this phenomenon.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
پرستاری
Received: 2025/07/10 | Accepted: 2025/10/23 | Published: 2025/10/23
Received: 2025/07/10 | Accepted: 2025/10/23 | Published: 2025/10/23
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
